Brunei Darussalam’s culture is deeply intertwined with the Islamic faith, reflected in the country’s architecture, ceremonies and everyday life etiquette. While Bruneians are generally understanding towards visitors, learning their culture and tradition will go a long way in making a positive impression as you mingle with the locals.
In terms of traditional attire, baju cara melayu and baju kurung are worn by Malay men and women respectively. They are typically worn during special occasions such as weddings, religious events and Hari Raya Aidilfitri, often in vibrant colours.
The baju cara melayu consists of a longsleeve shirt and long trousers, paired with an intricately designed sinjang around the waist and a black headgear called songkok. Meanwhile, the baju kurung consists of a long-sleeve blouse and long skirt, often worn with a headscarf. The younger generation tends to opt for a more modern cut and design, while preserving the traditional elements and cultural heritage.
During Ramadhan, the ninth month of the Islamic calendar, Muslims fast from sunrise to sunset. It is also a time for families to gather and break fast together, strengthening family bonds.
Hari Raya, celebrated after Ramadhan ends, is considered an opportunity for family and friends to reconnect and forgive each other. Bruneians traditionally engage in a salam (handshake) in accordance to the Malay culture to ask for forgiveness. The salam is usually initiated by the younger of the two by bending down until their forehead comes in contact with the other person’s hand as a sign of respect. Alternatively, the younger may bend down and kiss the elderly’s hand.
Showing respect for the elderly is a trait deeply embedded in Brunei culture, shown in everyday etiquette such as bending slightly when walking past an elderly person. Handshakes are usually initiated by the younger person and is practiced between individuals of the same gender. Some may opt not to shake hands with members of the opposite gender.
Another thing to note is Bruneians traditionally eat with their hands, particularly with the right hand as the left is considered unhygienic. But eating with hands is more commonly practiced at home, as cutlery is provided at restaurants and eateries. Pointing at objects with the index finger is also considered impolite, especially when pointing at people. It is common practice for Bruneians to point with their thumb, while the four fingers are folded in a way that resembles a fist.
To conclude, Bruneians are a tightly knit conservative community with strong family values, known for their warm and friendly nature towards visitors from all walks of life.