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Borneo Bulletin Yearbook 2019
Brunei Darussalam’s customs and traditions are
shaped by the nation’s unique syncretism of the
Islamic faith and its Malay identity.
Introduced in the 14
th
Century, Islam in Brunei
flourished due to the nation’s first ruler, Awang
Alak Betatar, who later changed his name to Sultan
Muhammad Shah following his conversion to Islam.
From then on, religion has become an important
factor in constructing the way of life of Bruneians.
While Islam has significant influences on culture,
customs and traditions, traditional ethnic cultures
and values are equally as influential. Together,
they make up the Bruneian hospitality. These
two components are emphasised in the country’s
national philosophy of Malay Muslim Monarchy.
The preservation of Brunei’s unique and elaborate
customs is helmed by the Jabatan Adat Istiadat.
Some of the functions of the department include
upholding religious protocols and dress code of
royal ceremonies.
In Brunei Malay weddings, Bruneian Malay
customs come to life incorporated with modern
elements. The bride and groom often don outfits
incorporating the traditional ‘Kain Tenunan’ and
exchange gifts presented on silver or bronze
trays called ‘Gangsa.’ Each district has its own
distinct ceremonies. For example, those from
Tutong practice the tradition of ‘Basuh Kaki’
(washing feet). In this ceremony, newlyweds put
their feet on top of each other. Guests pour water
over the bride and groom’s feet and present an
envelope filled with money.
Apart from weddings, Bruneian customs are
incorporated into the daily lives of its people
through every day etiquette. For example, it is
common courtesy to bend slightly when walking
past an elderly person. While it is tradition for
Bruneians to eat with their fingers, Bruneians
only eat with their right hand. Eating with their
left hand is considered unhygienic.
Bruneians consider pointing at objects or people
with the index finger as impolite. Alternatively,
Bruneians point with their thumbs.
Shaking hands is also a common practice, but
only between those of the same gender, as it is
not customary for Muslims of different genders
to physically touch each other. Public displays
of affection are recommended to be kept at
minimum.
CUSTOMS AND TRADITIONS