BBYB 2020

192

Borneo Bulletin Yearbook 2020

Customs and Traditions

Brunei Darussalam’s customs and traditions are

shaped by the nation’s unique syncretism of the

Islamic faith and its Malay identity. Islam was

first introduced to Brunei in the 14

Century.

The religion grew among the citizens when the

nation’s first ruler, Awang Alak Betatar, converted

to a Muslim and changed his name to Sultan

Muhammad Shah. From that point, Islam has

become an important factor in constructing the

way of life of Bruneians.

While the religion has significant influences on

Brunei’s culture, customs and traditions, traditional

ethnic cultures and values are equally as

influential. Together, the traditional ethnic cultures

and values make up the Bruneian hospitality. The

two components are emphasised in the country’s

national philosophy of Malay Islamic Monarchy.

The preservation of Brunei’s unique and elaborate

customs is helmed by the Adat Istiadat Negara

Department. Some of the functions of the

department include upholding religious protocols

and dress code of royal ceremonies.

In Brunei Malay weddings, Bruneian Malay

customs come to life incorporated with modern

elements. The bride and groom often don outfits

incorporating the traditional and vibrant ‘kain

tenunan’ and exchange gifts presented on silver

or bronze trays called ‘gangsa.’ Each district has

its own distinct ceremonies. For example, those

from Tutong practise the tradition of ‘basuh kaki’

(washing feet). In this ceremony, newlyweds

rest their feet on a whetstone and a machete,

followed by guests pouring water over the bride

and groom’s feet and presenting an envelope filled

with money as a gift.

Bruneian customs are also incorporated into the

daily lives of its people through everyday etiquette.

For example, it is common courtesy to bend slightly

when walking past an elderly person. While it is

tradition for Bruneians to eat with their fingers,

Bruneians only eat with their right hand. Eating

with their left hand is considered unhygienic.

Pointing at objects with the index finger of one’s

hand is considered impolite in Brunei, especially

when pointing at people. It is common practice for

Bruneians to point with their thumb instead of the

index finger.

Shaking hands is also common practice but

only between those of the same gender, given

that it is not customary for Muslims of different

genders to physically touch each other. Public

displays of affection are recommended to be

kept at minimum.

All in all, Bruneians are a tightly knit, conservative

community, known to be warm and friendly

towards visitors.